Located in a high-desert plains region, Cassia County is in the heart of an agricultural gold mine. There are over 500,000  acres of fully developed irrigated and non-irrigated cropland.  The semi-arid nature of the region provides the perfect growing conditions for many crops.  An abundance of deep, fertile soil, extended growing seasons, a virtually pest-free environment, and ample rangelands for grazing all combine to make Cassia County one of the top ranking regions in the State for total farm income.  In 2004, Cassia County was rated #1 in agricultural production.

Warm summer days, cool nights, and fertile soil enriched with volcanic ash are ideal growing conditions for the famous Idaho Russet Burbank potato.  Cassia's prime growing conditions produce over 10 million hundredweight of potatoes annually and is the area's leading cash crop, with nearly $42 million dollars in annual cash receipts.

Sugar beets are the second leading cash crop.  Annual production is 513,000 tons, nearly 13% of Idaho's total sugar beet production.  Cash receipts from sugar beet marketing alone deposit nearly 23 million dollars into the area's economy.  Cassia County had contributed greatly to Idaho's ranking as the nation's largest producer of sugar beets.  Accounting for approximately 125 percent of Idaho's number one export, Cassia is one of the top wheat production areas in Southern Idaho.  Leading varieties grown are Stephens, a soft white wheat and Fieldwin, a soft white spring wheat, which are both used in cookies, cakes and pastries.  Ute, a hard red winter variety used for crackers and breads, is also a popular variety.

Malting barley, alfalfa hay, peas, dry beans, feed corn, and livestock round out Cassia's vast agricultural community.  Diversification in crops provides a stable economic base for the agricultural industry, while establishing sound growing practices by growing crops on a rotation basis to replenish vital nutrients taken from the soil. 

Growing conditions within the region are suitable for a number of additional crops as well including, carrots, green beans, onions, and many varieties of seeds.